Renters insurance typically does not cover damage to an above-ground pool itself, since it's considered personal property that's often excluded due to the risk. However, your policy may cover liability if someone gets injured in or around the pool, depending on the insurer. It's best to check directly with your insurance provider to confirm what's included and whether additional coverage is available.
The information in this answer is general in nature and is not legal or insurance advice for your specific situation. Policy language varies carrier by carrier; your declarations page is the final word. If you're unsure, call your agent before you need to file.